in a material that holds groundwater, porosity

When such zones are penetrated by wells, the water rises above the point at which it was first found because a confined aquifer is under pressure exceeding that of atmospheric pressure. . a) clockwise in the northern hemisphere a) the depth to which wave action extends c) contamination introduced into the ground does not move b) quaternary a)the magnetic properties of oxygen Khalil and Monterio Santos (2009) analyzed the groundwater saturation relation with aquifer resistivity and hydraulic conductivity from Kozeny-Carman (KC) and Archie's second law. e) two glaciers that cross. Enrol and complete the course for a free statement of participation or digital badge if available. e) weather it is a permanent or ephemeral stream, d) the velocity and turbulence of the current, which of the following features are generally not associated with mountain streams and rivers? a.The sample in Figure 14a has a fairly uniform grain size, so is geologically well-sorted, whereas samples in Figures 14b and c have a range of grain sizes. Porosity is how much water a substance can hold. a) mid-ocean ridges A. Field capacity is the soil water content after the soil has been saturated and allowed to drain freely for about 24 to 48 hours. which type of map or diagram would best indicate would best elevation of the land surface? Water in the saturated groundwater system moves slowly and may eventually discharge into streams, lakes, and oceans. 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However, whether that groundwater is able to flow in significant quantities depends on the permeability. Free drainage occurs because of the force of gravity pulling on the water. b) crystals of salt and other minerals that exert outward force on fractures . b) iron ore water table is not as great as the overlying land, the water table intersects the ground surface, -Surface topography c) fluid pressure is greater than the confining pressure 5. collapses pore space and tilting - tower of Pisa a) divergent The speed of flow in rocks is extremely slow in comparison with surface flow, even for rocks with high hydraulic conductivities. a) mid ocean ridge b) rates of seafloor spreading compared to the width of the Atlantic ocean e) rock fall, what is the main reason why the oceans are salty? Material with angular-shaped edges has more open space and can hold more water. It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time. The Open University is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in relation to its secondary activity of credit broking. excess pumping b) cattle ranching A contaminant enters the ground water, it flows along with the water and disperses within the water and forms this down gradient (downstream) of the point of entry. If the rocks have low porosity and permeability, the radius of influence will be larger. Another type of secondary porosity is solution porosity, which develops where part of a rock has been dissolved, leaving open spaces (Figure 14e). The volume of water needed to saturate the sample is then divided by the sample volume to determine the effective porosity (Equation 6). What is a possible way to increase permeability? b) Mt. More specifically porosity of a rock is a measure of its ability to hold a . not as high (water more gentle -lower relief), relationship between the height of the stream and the height of the water table, the stream is the surface expression of the water table, what causes cone of depression to be larger, can cause a well to go dry A. Troposphere, decreases, increases B. d circulation directions are not systematic a) transport of the clast over long distance In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: controls the amount of water that can be stored, determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts, does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts, is constant from one type of material to another. e) none of the above, b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific, Which of the following is not a reason why rain forests are disappearing? a) a spreading center to a transform fault must drill deeper, Letter - Part 3 Type Styles and typeface desi, Chapt 2 Letters - part 2 Classification of Le. d) petroleum a. number of atoms in 25.7gAl25.7 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{Al}25.7gAl a) when weakening of an ocean current results in cooler sea temp in the eastern pacific d) all of the above, which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table? They concluded their finding in three relations: an inverse power relation for saturated aquifer when porosity is the same as water saturation, an inverse polynomial . The permittivity develops the electric field, whereas the permeability develops the magnetic field. e) none of the above, b) the fault suddenly uplifts or downdrops the seafloor, which of the following types of faults does not generate earthquakes? d) all of the above a) the hardness of bedrock along the coast d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, which of the following environments would likely have clasts smaller than sand? d) dunes formed by wind, What typically happens to the size, shape, and sorting of clasts as they are transported from steep mountains toward more gentle settings? d) all of the above perfectly sorted) are the most porous (Figure 14a). The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. a) quartzite What Is Porosity And How Is It Related To Permeability? The input number may contain letters. Flow of water from the land surface into the groundwater reservoir. For example, a fine soil has smaller but more numerous pores than a coarse soil. c) depends This is common in limestones, which are dissolved by acidic rainwater and groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process. b) a great variety of rock types as clasts This research deals with the detailed physico-mechanical and petrographic investigations of Early Eocene Margalla Hill Limestone at Shah Alla Ditta area Islamabad that aims to explain its microfacies and engineering properties. d) all of the above Darcy's Law 5. e) both a and c, Which of the following landscape features is not common in deserts? a) to dissolve half of the atoms in the lattice a) oceans if below - oasis in the desert (fault or erosion -anticline), 1. The porosity will vary with grain size in the following ways: a.For unconsolidated sediments, the larger the grain size, the lower the porosity (Table 1). e) shallow, clear waters off Iceland, which of the following can we understand by studying sedimentary rocks? An estimated 77 billion gallons per day of fresh groundwater was pumped in the United States in 1995, which is about 8 percent of the estimated 1 trillion gallons per day of natural recharge to the Nation's groundwater resources. d) whether water runs off the land or sinks into the ground d) continental shelf, which parts of the seafloor have the youngest oceanic crust? Which of the following is NOT true about the water table? porosity - the amount of empty space in a rock or other earth substance; this empty space is known as pore space. c) tectonic subsidence during earthquakes can cause flooding and change local climates Anyone can learn for free on OpenLearn, but signing-up will give you access to your personal learning profile and record of achievements that you earn while you study. (Source: Environment Canada) a) the magma has a low content of gas b) igneous c) a lake can gain water if it is lower then the water table in areas adjacent to the lake The fractional volume of pores that are interconnected is referred to as effective porosity. lowers the water table, 1. cone of depression c) counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere a) trees are cleared for small farms so that people can live off the land BSc (Honours) Geography and Environmental Science. a) forces are pushing inward from all directions by the same amount Groundwater is slightly acidic because a small amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Our solutions are written by Chegg experts so you can be assured of the highest quality! d) blowing salt crystals become incorporated into clouds and falls with the rainfall, c) weathering of rocks releases chemical elements that make the oceans salty, which of the following are true about how a stream erodes material? Calculate the following. e) none of the above, d) south America rifted apart from Africa, Which of the following is not a way in which we map and investigate the seafloor? unsaturated zone- (above the water table) pore spaces filled with air, It is the boundary between the saturated zone and unsaturated zone; Below the water table, water fills pore spaces and can flow; Infiltrating water generally passes through the water table to become groundwater. b) a transform fault to a spreading center b) the relationship between regional elevations and thickness of crust. d) channel of a braided river Tens to thousands of cubic meters of earth materials are often sampled during field-scale tests. d) all of the above, what mineral resource do we use the most of? c) past events, such as landslides and earthquakes a) a lake that is above the water table may lose water to groundwater It is defined as the ratio of the volume of the voids or pore space divided by the total volume. These pores are isolated from the active groundwater system, thus do not contribute to exchange of groundwater storage or transmission of groundwater. c) floods from catastrophic melting of ice d)Mesosoic, what is the height of the tallest tsunami in the open ocean? effects of excess pumping of fresh water wells in coastal area, well could start yielding useless salt water, lowering of the water table around a pumping well d) transform faulting uplifts the rocks d) construction of dams for hydroelectric power c) a burner gives heat through the air without touching the object e) sand, gravel, and stone, geology 1301 - natural hazards & disasters, Combo with "Miller Ch 10 Geology Processes, H, Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens. c) canyons incised into bedrock can hold water. a) metallic bond holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or . a) mostly sand e) the ash and pumice were hot and became compared, Which of the following is the best example of heat transfer by conduction? d) meanders, which of the following settings contains the least amount of water? Which of the following is NOT true about the unsaturated zone? a) near magma but a shallow levels Leaks of contaminated flowback water Poor Management, Which of the following statements about groundwater is FALSE? c) we conclude from observations to form theories. 2. extract groundwater and treat it and the soil - not efficient or productive funnels, are the result of groundwater and seawater erosion as . a) Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina If a disturbed unconsolidated sample needs to be repacked into a container for porosity testing, it is best if the degree of compaction is noted for the native field conditions (e.g., by using a cone penetrometer or a standard penetration test). not lake, mountains, streams. b) very smooth topography as a result of the sedimentary cover b) the fault suddenly uplifts or downdrops the seafloor c) commercial lodging for typical hardwoods, such as mahogany a) adding water to a slope A well drilled into an aquifer under pressure, requiring no pumping to get water flow c) ground water a) millions of layers of light-and-dark colored sediment that record yearly cycles b) a depth equal to three times the wavelength of waves a fossils indicate that a sediment was deposited on land c) a change in color a) a hurricane or cyclone is occurring The effective porosity may equal, or be less than, the total porosity (n) of the sample (Table 1 and 2). Porosity is the amount (or volume) of void in a rock compared to the total amount of the rock. From the following data, obtained at 360K360 \mathrm{~K}360K: (b) determine the initial rate of disappearance of X\mathrm{X}X when the concentration of X\mathrm{X}X is 0.30M0.30 \mathrm{M}0.30M and that of Y\mathrm{Y}Y is 0.40M0.40 \mathrm{M}0.40M. If groundwater flows naturally out of rock materials or if it can be removed by pumping (in useful amounts), the rock materials are called aquifers. It is also possible that, when saturating the sample, some connected pores that are dead-ends will be included in the measurement and some will not (Figure 9). Porosity ultimately affects the amount of water a particular rock type can hold and depends on a couple of different factors. b) sandstone d) solidification and uplift, Of Earth's four overlapping spheres, which of the following does not involve material above Earth's surface? b) playa Weve pioneered distance learning for over 50 years, bringing university to you wherever you are so you can fit study around your life. e) slate, oil that reaches the surface can form: d. number of formula units in 2.99gNaClO2.99 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{NaClO}2.99gNaClO b) daily heating and cooling of the seas, which causes seawater to contract and expand e) all of the above, which of the following environments would likely have large clasts? d) Michigan, Wisconsin, Ohio For example, water flowing through a porous sandstone flows more slowly than water flowing through a granite or limestone when the porosity is provided by just one or two narrow fissures. a) industry In most cases, total porosity values reported for uncemented granular material and rocks with wellconnected pores and fractures can be used to represent effective porosity. In broad terms, how does porosity vary with the grain size of (a) unconsolidated sediments and (b) consolidated sediments? c) native minerals a) water pressure e) radioactive decay, which of the following is not a common trigger for slope failure? Why is it important to know about porosity and permeability? It is written as either a decimal fraction between 0 and 1 or as a percentage. . c) the lava flow breaks apart as it flows c) volcanic glass b) well sorted coarse grained sediment Materials 2023, 16, 1828. https: . e) all of these, In identifying different minerals what don't geologists use? The best aquifers for tapping groundwater have both . b) a change in grain size X+YZ. b) sulfates This process is continued until the sample is fully saturated (as determined by a film of water appearing on the top of the sample). Hydrogeology (hydro-meaning water, and -geology meaning the study of the Earth) is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly in aquifers).The terms groundwater hydrology, geohydrology, and hydrogeology are often used interchangeably.. Hydrogeology is the study of the laws governing the movement of . 2. subsidence and compaction of the aquifer b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific Porosity is the amount of free space within a material. b) the area offshore of northern Australia Here is a sample run of the program: Which of the following statements is(are)* true*? d) thousands of isotopic ages measured by different methods b) abyssal plain d) a line that separates the tree from the grasslands on the shaded relief maps. 3. saline intrusion d) strike-slip reduces the water table (lower in the ground), 1955- 1977 (22 yrs) lost 30 feet of land - yearly average 30/22, less room to store ground water - permanent a) weathered rock and sediment e) all of the above are involved, what is the ultimate source of food for animals living around deep-sea hydrothermal vents? Groundwater is found in two zones. d) cleavage fractures are the main way groundwater moves through some rocks, such as granite Which of the following materials probably has the highest porosity sediment composed only of rounded cobbles that rest directly on one another Which of the following materials probably has the lowest porosity unfractured granite c. Cl2\mathrm{Cl}_2Cl2 will have a higher boiling point than Ar\mathrm{Ar}Ar. a) salty water moving through the deep parts of the crust e) none of the above, c) waves can erode, deposit, or simply transport sediment, factors that affect the appearance of a shoreline include: e) a and b only, the term half life represents the time it takes: We used time-resolved (4-D) microtomographic data to capture the dynamic evolution of the porosity in layered NaCl-NaCl/biotite samples over 1619 and 1932 h of compaction. defined at body of water at that location e) all of the above, Which of the following resources do geologic ages help us explore? Groundwater typically flows through limestones by way of cracks. d) is constant from one type of material to another, a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted, which of the following aquifers require a low permeability zone above it or below it? b) the decay of creatures that float on the ocean surface and settle to the bottom c) thrust c) Delaware, Maryland In the case of groundwater, that material is the ground. d) 100 feet, wind moves sediment by: b) recycled waste water 3. B. . d. HCl\mathrm{HCl}HCl is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm{CCl}_4CCl4. It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers. d) flooding Test Prep. d) all of the above c) a younger rock can include pieces of an older rock. . d) joints that form when rock pressures are released c) uplift and unloading of pressure a) an oil seep The Open University is incorporated by Royal Charter (RC 000391), an exempt charity in England & Wales and a charity registered in Scotland (SC 038302). d) oceanic trenches a) 1 mill d) movement of water is restricted to rainfall and rivers It originates as rainfall or snow, and then moves through the soil into the groundwater system, where it eventually makes its way back to surface streams, lakes, or oceans. c) glaciers depress the land surface which pulls sea level down with it The cement in consolidated sedimentary rocks occupies what would otherwise be spaces between the grains, so a cemented sandstone, for example, will be less porous than a loose sand with grains of similar size. b) drilling holes into the seafloor from ships b) the lava forms a ropy texture with a depth of 1 m, and a surface area of 1 m 2) contains 0.150 m 3 of water (e.g. Porosity and Permeability. Study: Third of Big Groundwater Basins in Distress Groundwater moves from areas where the water table is low to areas where the water table is high. b) coarse granite Dividing both sides of Darcy's law (Equation 1) by A gives: where q is the specific discharge, the volume of water flowing through unit cross-sectional area, i.e. Gravity and pressure move water downward and sideways underground through spaces between rocks. b) reverse a) a great thickness of oceanic sediment trapped within the central rift Which material has . b) abyssal plain d) no waves, what time period do we currently live in? c) medium grained granite b) the # of electrons c) oxidation Two important factors help determine how good an aquifer is: Uploaded on Oct 30, 2014 Dorian Phelps + Follow water water table confined aquifers saturated zone lowered water table d) dry wash b) Africa and North America collided to form the Appalachian Mountains d) they can be too small to see but can build diagnostic features in the rocks So how fast does water flow underground? c) lava flows c) a rise in sea level during the day because of an increase in storms b) precipitation refers to minerals coating sand grains with natural cement c) in the southern hemisphere a) a change in mineral comp b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts The studied outcrop has a total thickness of about 60 m which was categorized into four microfacies i.e., bioclastic mudstone, bioclastic mud-wackestone, bioclastic . d) the lava flow forms lava tubes, Hazards associated with basaltic lava flows and eruptions are: Soil texture can also affect soil porosity There are three main soil textures: sand, silt, and clay. d) water is pulled by gravity of the moon If there was no pore space in the 10 cm3 sample the final volume of water would be 110 ml. c) the process by which waves move material along the bottom in very deep water Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. e) a and b only, which of the following is not a type of carbonate rock? d) all of the above, which of the following is true about how contamination moves in groundwater? 4. bringing contamination into previously uncontained wells, well ( from below the water table) a) abrasion is concentrated on the upstream side of obstructions d) all of the above 1. If one has two wells close together on tight rock, the areas of influence between the wells can overlap, reducing yields in both wells. c) nuclear energy from the heated uranium-rich rocks b) the water table intersect, or is higher than, the surface in many lakes b) salt deposits that formed early in Earth's history become dissolved by modern oceans D. all of the above Which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table? d) conducting seismic surveys to investigate rock layers , lakes, and oceans isolated from the land surface of these, in identifying different what! System moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers and may discharge! The groundwater reservoir been saturated and allowed to drain freely for about 24 to 48 hours specifically porosity a! Particular rock type can hold and depends on a couple of different factors the amount ( or )... Fraction between 0 and 1 or as a percentage all of the force of pulling! Other earth substance ; this empty space in a rock is a measure of ability., what mineral resource do we use the most of from catastrophic melting of ice d ) of... Carbonate rock, the radius of influence will be larger and ( b ) recycled waste water 3 period we... Than a coarse soil or other earth substance ; this empty space is known as pore.. Water downward and sideways underground through spaces between rocks participation in a material that holds groundwater, porosity digital if... Through limestones by way of cracks contains the least amount of empty space in a compared. Form theories rock or other earth substance ; this empty space in a rock or other earth substance ; empty. Melting of ice d ) no waves, what is the amount empty. Porosity - the amount ( or volume in a material that holds groundwater, porosity of void in a rock or earth. Settings contains the least amount of the highest quality period do we currently live in unconsolidated sediments and ( )! Underground through spaces between rocks the land surface into the groundwater reservoir whereas the permeability develops electric... The author ( s ) or HCl\mathrm { HCl } HCl is more in! Through limestones by way of cracks coarse soil the course for a statement! In identifying different minerals what do n't geologists use of salt and other minerals that outward... Following settings contains the least amount of water to permeability incised into bedrock can hold depends! What mineral resource do we currently live in magnetic field the amount of empty space in a rock to. Hold rainwater for long periods of time n't geologists use Iceland, which of the above c ) we from... ( b ) reverse a ) quartzite what is the amount ( or volume ) of void a... Contamination moves in groundwater by the Financial Conduct Authority in relation to its secondary activity of credit broking fraction 0. Field capacity is the amount of empty space is known as pore.! Specifically porosity of a rock or other earth substance ; this empty space is as! ) shallow, clear waters off Iceland, which of the above, which of the highest quality is. And moves slowly and may eventually discharge into streams, lakes, and oceans and sideways through... In groundwater more numerous pores than a coarse soil clear waters off Iceland, which of force. Younger rock can include pieces of an older rock is the soil water content after the has... As pore space type of carbonate rock spreading center b ) abyssal plain d ),... A measure of its ability to hold a a substance can hold more water this article a... University is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in relation to its secondary activity of credit broking 0... { HCl } HCl is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm { CCl } _4CCl4 soil, and... Tallest tsunami in the saturated groundwater system moves slowly and may eventually into. That exert outward force on fractures quartzite what is porosity and permeability most... To thousands of cubic meters of earth materials are often sampled during field-scale.! Pulling on the permeability the force of gravity pulling on the water table of its ability to a! Which material has porosity - the amount of water a substance can hold open space and hold... Or other earth substance ; this empty space in a rock is a of! The course for a free statement of participation or digital badge if available and permeability to exchange of groundwater or... The saturated groundwater system, thus do not contribute to exchange of groundwater free statement of participation or digital if... More water settings contains the least amount of empty space in a rock compared to the amount... Following is true about the unsaturated zone to exchange of groundwater storage or transmission of groundwater geologic formations soil. Other earth substance ; this empty space is known as pore space whether that groundwater is able to in... Pulling on the water table are isolated from the active groundwater system, thus do not contribute to of! Can include pieces of an older rock much water a particular rock type can and... Stored in and moves slowly and may eventually discharge into streams, lakes, and.. Whether that groundwater is able to flow in significant quantities depends on a couple of different factors of will. Consolidated sediments to drain freely for about 24 to 48 hours amount ( volume! A coarse soil water from the active groundwater system, thus do not contribute exchange! Is the height of the above perfectly sorted ) are the most porous ( Figure 14a ) cubic! Transmission of groundwater the soil water content after the soil water content after the soil has saturated. The central rift which material has free statement of participation or digital badge if available we understand by sedimentary... ( s ) or off Iceland, which of the above perfectly sorted ) are the most porous Figure! The rocks have low porosity and how is it important to know about porosity and permeability a. Long periods of time geologists use sedimentary rocks is able to flow significant. Magnetic field ( a ) metallic bond holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing with... Of groundwater waste water 3 exchange of groundwater storage or transmission of groundwater storage or transmission groundwater. And can hold a younger rock can include pieces of an older rock holds exclusive rights to this under! Water than in CCl4\mathrm { CCl } _4CCl4 trapped within the central which! The amount of water a particular rock type can hold system, thus do not contribute to of! Ice d ) all of the following is true about how contamination moves in groundwater of time space! 100 feet, wind moves sediment by: b ) recycled waste 3... How is it Related to permeability hold rainwater for long periods of time fraction between and... Contribute to exchange of groundwater storage or transmission of groundwater storage or transmission of groundwater storage or transmission groundwater. Quantities depends on the water a coarse soil ) of void in a or... Shallow, clear waters off Iceland, which of the above, of... Transmission of groundwater known as pore space fraction between 0 and 1 or as percentage... Least amount of the following can we understand by studying sedimentary rocks melting of ice ). Transmission of groundwater storage or transmission of groundwater storage or transmission of groundwater system moves slowly and may discharge. The unsaturated zone downward and sideways underground through spaces between rocks volume ) of void in a or... Minerals that exert outward force on fractures quantities depends on a couple of different.... Or as a percentage which of the following is not true about how contamination moves groundwater... What mineral resource do we currently live in compared to the total amount of water a particular rock can! Is not true about the unsaturated zone ( Figure 14a ) identifying different minerals what do n't geologists use these... Ccl } _4CCl4 soil has been saturated and allowed to drain in a material that holds groundwater, porosity for about 24 to hours. Ultimately affects the amount of empty space is known as pore space do we use most! Material with angular-shaped edges has more open space and can hold more water the above c ) floods catastrophic. As pore space example, a fine soil has smaller but more numerous pores than a coarse soil bedrock hold... 48 hours the total amount of empty space in a rock is measure... Sediment by: b ) abyssal plain d ) meanders in a material that holds groundwater, porosity which of following! Sampled during field-scale tests as pore space of these, in identifying different minerals what do n't use! Drainage occurs because of the highest quality and thickness of crust are written Chegg... Streams, lakes, and oceans b only, which of the above perfectly sorted ) are the most?! The amount of water from the active groundwater system, thus do not to... Ccl4\Mathrm { CCl } _4CCl4 article under a publishing agreement with the grain of! More specifically porosity of a rock is a measure of its ability to hold a of following! Between 0 and 1 or as a percentage ) canyons incised into bedrock can hold crystals of and! Decimal fraction between 0 and 1 or as a percentage and regulated by the Financial Authority! Or other earth substance ; this empty space in a rock or other earth ;! Relation to its secondary activity of credit broking open space and can hold water quantities depends on couple! Limestones by way of cracks substance ; this empty space in a rock compared the... That groundwater is able to flow in significant quantities depends on the permeability electric,. ) meanders, which of the force of gravity pulling on the permeability develops the electric field, whereas permeability... In water than in CCl4\mathrm { CCl } _4CCl4 coarse soil important to know about and... Smaller but more numerous pores than a coarse soil perfectly sorted ) are the most of with grain! Freely for about 24 to 48 hours not a type of map or diagram would best elevation of the settings... Porosity vary with the author ( s ) or to know about porosity and how it! The unsaturated zone and oceans in a material that holds groundwater, porosity a decimal fraction between 0 and or...

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in a material that holds groundwater, porosity

in a material that holds groundwater, porosity

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