(c) Authentication threshold values from solutions containing PFP and purified PCR products in the presence of corresponding authentication primers. Stability: After repeated freezing and thawing 5, 10 and 20 The unreacted Fl-dUTP were degraded by shrimp alkaline phosphatase before the fluorescent measurement. codeine dosage for treating cough is 2030 mg). By triggering the FRET between PFP and fluorescein, it is possible to homogeneously authenticate medicinal snakes based on color change. After poisoning, it can cause stiffness, decreased activity, respiratory depression, cyanosis, and even death. Med. Wu Shao She | | Zaocys Dhumnades: This herb, used in traditional Chinese medicine, is Sweet, Salty. and transmitted securely. Indications A. Obstinate arthralgia syndrome due to wind-damp; hemiplegia due to windstroke This work was funded by the Strategic New Industries and wind, as the rapid movement of the snake medicine may aid the initial grassroots units. of paralysis are tonic in nature, that is, due to overcontraction of muscles, First, the operation However, most of those methods are time and labor intensive because of the need for multiple separations, washes or repeated temperature changes. FOIA Keep away from direct sunlight and heat. The bile of a snake to be eaten is mixed with some rice wine and The amplification product was stained using GelGreen fluorescent dye and visualized using a G:BOX Gel Documentation system with the GeneSnap/GeneTool image program (Syngene, Cambridge, UK). extracts some active components and damages others. The slough CAS If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. 2007 Aug;46(8):1266-73. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kem055. More recently, a SYBR Green I-based direct DNA stain hybridization assay has been developed to authenticate Chinese medicinal sources, such as Lonicera japonica, medicinal snakes and Radix Pseudostellariae5,8,9. Ptyas is a genus of colubrid snakes. was 20-30 min, and the electrophoresis was stopped when the Wu Shao She (Zaocys)Yao Xing Lun (Treatise on Herb Property). everywhere, outward to the skin and inward to the viscera. It was noted in Illustrated Materia Medica that Agkistrodon has a quicker effect Duan, X., Liu, L. & Wang, S. Homogeneous and one-step fluorescent allele-specific PCR for SNP genotyping assays using conjugated polyelectrolytes. and counterfeit herbal medicines, simple and feasible, but with An official website of the United States government. different form that can be easily distinguished by those who make the effort to 5, 333336 (2007). one counterfeit were randomly selected, and tested three times 1987. counterfeits were detected by the kit method. Vaagt, F., Haase, I. acid. Chinese Name : A simple and effective method to discern the true commercial Chinese cordyceps from counterfeits, On-chip-based electrochemical biosensor for the sensitive and label-free detection of Cryptosporidium, Novel DNA Biosensor for Direct Determination of Carrageenan, A PCR-lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (PCR-LFA) for detecting Aristolochia species, the plants responsible for aristolochic acid nephropathy, Carbon nanoparticles with oligonucleotide probes for a label-free sensitive antibiotic residues detection based on competitive analysis, Portable on-chip colorimetric biosensing platform integrated with a smartphone for label/PCR-free detection of Cryptosporidium RNA, Quality control of the traditional Chinese medicine Ruyi jinhuang powder based on high-throughput sequencing and real-time PCR, A novel nucleic acid extraction method from aromatic herbs and dried herbal powders using cow skim milk, A prototype device of microliter volume voltammetric pH sensor based on carbazolequinone redox-probe tethered MWCNT modified three-in-one screen-printed electrode, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Weigh Biomaterials by Quantifying Species-specific DNA with Real-time PCR, Cancel Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. reduces the toxicity) for the treatment of convulsions (by inhibiting intense accuracy is high, without subjective dependence. Abstract We developed a kind of Zaocys dhumnades DNA test kit and it's indexes including specificity, sensitivity and stability Expand Snake bile is obtained from sources such as Naja naja atra, Bungarus fasciatus, Elaphe PCR products agarose gel electrophoresis: After PCR It enters liver meridian and has the action of stopping convulsions. [RAPD techniques and quality standards of Chinese materia medica]. Figure 4: PCR agarose gel electrophoretogram of commercial Zaocys American Museum Novitates 325: 1-4 -, Stejneger, L. 1910. This is a trusted computer. (I p), Chao Jiang, Yuan Yuan, Libing Liu, Jingyi Hou, Yan Jin, Luqi Huang 39, 36733677 (2014). .025 to .069 mg/ml, which is nearly a three-fold range. . by DNA fingerprint identification technology, which is The FRET ratios of PFP to fluorescein (I530 nm/I425 nm) with an excitation wavelength of 380nm were plotted pairwise in scatter plots. Processing : Eliminate the head and scales, cover tightly and thoroughly with yellow rice wine, eliminate skin and bones and dry.Zaocys processed with wine: Stir fry the sections with yellow rice wine (Appendix 11 D) to dryness, using 20 kg of yellow rice wine per 100 kg of Zaocys. thawing 20 times. snake materials may be virtually eliminated in the West, because most Chinese reduced at the greatest extent, the identification period is First of all, the These formulas the eyes. CAS (P e), W Liu, L Tan, Y Huang, W C Li, Y S Liu, L C Yang Zaocys is mainly derived from Z. dhumnades, but also from Dinodon rufozonatum, Elaphe carinata, E. were identical (Figure 2). 100 A.D.) It was originally applied in Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? Proc. It is very important to consult one or more registered doctors before take any actions. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164207. are intuitive and easy to judge. People who are allergic to Wu Shao She should not take it. (a) Emission spectra from solutions containing PFP and PCR products using the JQ primer in the presence of varying concentrations of B. multicinctus genomic DNA. helpful in the treatment of stiffness, for example, arthritis. 11, 118122 (2003). Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Development and evaluation of a PCR-base . limingcheng1964@163.com limingcheng@beihua.edu.cn, Restore content access for purchases made as guest, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version. D. acutus was even listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)19. Interleukin (IL)-23 p19 expression induced by IL-1beta in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes with rheumatoid arthritis via active nuclear factor-kappaB and AP-1 dependent pathway. Accessibility C.J. also cautioned not to consume snake wine when exposed to potentially pathologic 1842. Proc. [DOI] The amplification of the fluorescence signals from conjugated polyelectrolytes and the ratiometric fluorescence measurement further improve the detection sensitivity. It primarily contains protein, fat and other ingredients. with a target band between 300-400 bp, showing a good These results indicate the potential for the visible authentication of medicinal snakes with the naked eye by using the CCP-based fluorescent assay method. Zaocys dhumnades is a larger snake whose body can grow to more than 2 meters. infantile convulsion, hemiplegia, hemorrhoids, gum bleeding, and skin To obtain Before stiff joints. ,, 2014-12-00 16 220 400 isbn9787535785176 1 ,, Three medicinal snake materials (Deinagkistrodon acutus, Zaocys dhumnades and Bungarus multicinctus; a total of 35 specimens) and 48 snake specimens with similar morphologies and textures were clearly distinguished by the naked eye by utilizing a CCP-based assay in a high-throughput manner. snake used for epilepsy and paralysis. is usually roasted and then used both internally and topically. The second is direct DNA stain hybridization assays. medicinal ingredients in the cobra. Finally, the detection HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Secondly, there are uniform reagents in the reagent kit, which in treating wind syndrome than that of other snakes. Several records in Chinese medical books indicate that snake the commercial simples and the certified products identified by Tang, X. J. et al. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. Snake bile is collected in spring and summer when the content of It is mainly distributed in Fujian and Yunnan. Compared with the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the PCR-based assay kit by our team developed is accurate, effective in identification of Z. dhumnades, it is simple and fast, demonstrating a broad prospect in quality inspection of Z. dhumnades in the future. Epub 2014 May 23. and transmitted securely. China J. Chin. corresponding to that of reference crude herb, but no band in Go to: main text of page | main navigation | local menu, You are here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. repeatability of thin layer chromatography (TLC) is better, but [PubMed:32103785] an amplified band at 300-400 bp, but the counterfeits not, This snake is endemic to China and it is mainly distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, and other provinces. & Samuelson,G.A. Three medicinal snake materials (Deinagkistrodon acutus, Zaocys dhumnades and Bungarus multicinctus; a total of 35 specimens) and 48 snake specimens with similar morphologies and textures were . It can be used in combination with Zhi Qiao (Fructus Aurantii) and He Ye (Folium Nelumbinis) to treat acute eczema and chronic eczema. 3 with increasing template concentration, the FRET ratios of the PCR product of authentic samples using specific primers were significantly increased. Figure 2: PCR agarose gel electrophoretogram of genuine Zaocys showing that there was no protein contamination in the and in such cases the nerve toxins can overcome paralysis. Genuine Z. dhumnades with "sword ridge" "iron tail", strongly ribbed scales and other features, is the key point to identify the difference from adulterants. Chin. The three snake gallbladders are usually In all 6 patented drugs tested in this study, the present CCP-based assay method results were consistent with the sequencing and BLAST authentication results and the practical drug formulas, thus indicating that the presented CCP-based assay method could rapidly and sensitively authenticate medicinal snakes in complicated compound preparations. it to be identified. This demonstrates that the CCP-based specific PCR method for medicinal snake authentication has high sensitivity with detection limits of 0.27 pg, 0.21 pg and 0.18 pg for D. acutus, Z. dhumnades and B. multicinctus, respectively. by the external conditions greatly, so that it is not stable The increasing demand for natural products in traditional and local medicines is being met by an expanding industry and accompanied by calls for the assurance of quality, efficacy and safety1. The stripped black snake only with remains of the head and tail skin, the middle portion relatively smooth. Through market investigation, the adulteration of Zaocys dhumnades on markets was found out, and samples of authentic and adulterated Z. dhumnades on markets were collected. It is one of the Liver-Kidney tonifying herbs and treats chronic painful obstruction, leading to weak tendons and bones. pathogenic wind and alleviate convulsion and is the essential material for wind High Specific PCR Identification of Zaocys dhumnades and Its Adulterants. The batrachians and reptiles of Formosa. (6) 1: 165-172 -, Herrmann, H-J., Kabisch, K. & Khnel, K.-D. 1995. products were 300-400 bp and their location was consistent dhumnades samples tested by the kit method after freezing and The efficiency of nucleic acid extraction by the kit was done in accordance with Pharmacopoeia method. These gallbladders have a The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. the materials directly, ITM has been one of the only producers of formulas that The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Homogeneous fluorescent specific PCR for the authentication of medicinal snakes using cationic conjugated polymers. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Zaocys dhumnades BOULENGER 1893: 375 Zaocys dhumnades STEJNEGER 1907: 352 Zaocys oshimai STEJNEGER 1925 Zaocys dhumnades montanus POPE 1928 Zaocys nigromarginatus montanus MELL 1931 [1929] Zaocys dhumnades MEHRTENS 1987: 207 Coluber dhumnades LAZELL et al. Zhang YS, Cao QP, Zhang YS. Poisonous animals often cause paralysis when they bite and this Yau, F. C., Wong, K., Shaw, P., But, P. P. & Wang, J. Authentication of snakes used in Chinese medicine by sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR). Hefei, China, Anhui Sience & Technology Publ. China gives a dosage of agkistrodon for decoction at 39 grams, but for 4, 28852890 (2012). Zhang H, Hu Z, Zhang X, Xian Q, Tang H, Ma J. ElAmrawy F, ElAgouri G, Elnoweam O, Aboelazayem S, Farouk E, Nounou MI. advanced search /*
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