MeSH TheAHI scale consists of two columns: The AHI and the sleep apnea rating. Researchers found that the simple hack of blocking out as much light . The number and depth of respirations. In addition, there are subtleties involved in sleep disordersthat may not be able to detect. http://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/fact-sheets-az.php. This probably will take some time. Oxygen saturation. Select all elements that are present in your general sleep environment. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Typically, a sleep clinic is staffed with one or more healthcare providers who are trained in sleep medicine. Inaccurate or unverifiable information will be removed prior to publication. The results will help your doctor decide on the best treatment so you get a good nights sleep.. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. You can complete the test right at home without spending the night in a sleep lab. How often does light make it difficult for you to fall or stay asleep? Sleep is one of the most important elements in our daily lives. Genetics plays a role in insomnia. Careers. Maedica (Buchar). Our overarching hypothesis is that patients with OSA and hypoxia (H-OSA) have greater degrees of insulin resistance in both liver and adipose. Procedures Be sure to ask your technician questions if you need clarification about any part of the sleep test. 2007 Apr-Jun;21(2):140-8; quiz 149-50. doi: 10.1097/01.JPN.0000270631.96864.d3. Sleep disorders are conditions that cause problems with sleeping. And you may need to present your health insurance card and/or co-pay if you have one. Electromyography (EMG). One of the tests that will take place while you sleep is an electroencephalogram (EEG), which measures electrical activity in the brain. If you're doing a sleep study from home, there are different types of devices that may be used. Each device uses a different combination of sensors. However, your sleep doctor will be able to help guide you . If you have questions about undergoing a sleep study, youre not alone. Often, health insurance covers some or all of the cost. The technician monitoring your sleep will disconnect the wires for you. More than 2 million healthcare providers around the world choose UpToDate to help make appropriate care decisions and drive better health outcomes. Once you're checked in, a sleep technician will take you to your bedroom for the night. If that test is not enough to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea, they may be advised to do an in-lab, overnight sleep study. Smita Patel, MD is triple board-certified in neurology, sleep medicine, and integrative medicine. "But it turns out that sleep is a period during which the brain is engaged in a number of activities necessary to lifewhich are closely linked to quality of life," says Johns Hopkins sleep expert and neurologist Mark Wu, M.D., Ph.D. More information The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more on sleep disorders . Most sleep clinics also use a thermistor, a pronged wire that sits in the nostrils and measures temperature changes. You're given an appointment for a follow-up visit with the heath care provider who recommended the test. This article explains the purpose of a sleep study and how to prepare for one. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Read our, Sanja Jelic, MD is board-certified in pulmonary disease, sleep medicine, critical care medicine, and internal medicine. The wires connecting the sensors to a computer are usually gathered over your head with plenty of slack so you can move around during sleep. They will then use a cotton swab to apply a mildly abrasive paste to each spot in order to remove the oil from your skin so that the electrodes will adhere properly. The most widely used type of sleep study is a polysomnogram. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter Digital Edition. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The site is secure. To lear. The basic recordings done during a sleep study may include: Electroencephalography (EEG) They're applied to your scalp, temples, chest and legs using a mild adhesive such as glue or tape. They only measure breathing and collect other data that can help diagnose sleep-disordered breathing when interpreted by a sleep specialist. Masks are required inside all of our care facilities, COVID-19 testing locations on Maryland.gov. Our overarching hypothesis is that patients with OSA and hypoxia (H-OSA) have greater degrees of insulin resistance in both liver and adipose. Trusted Source Sleep Summary - Whole Night: Time at Lights Off 21:50:57 Sleep Onset Latency (SL) 27.8 min. Touch SM, Epstein ML, Pohl CA, Greenspan JS. sleepiness, says Johns Hopkins sleep expert This test typically is done at a sleep center or sleep lab. You'll need to place the sensors on your body and turn on the machine according to the instructions you've been given. Many people fear that they won't fall asleep (or stay asleep) during a sleep study, but the majority do. The latter is determined by the color of your blood, which will vary with the amount of oxygen that it contains. If this happens, your provider may recommend a sleep study in a sleep center. A sleep study, called a polysomnogram , can help to diagnose sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome (RLS), and other sleep disorders. Don't use alcohol or caffeine, which can disrupt your sleep. As part of this testing, they will have you open and close your eyes, move them around, snore, take breaths in and out, and move your arms and legs. Other medical professionals typically found at sleep centers include physician assistants, nurses, respiratory therapists, and medical assistants. at least one night An electrocardiogram (ECG) may be used to record electrical Let your technician know when this happens. You'll be asleep for most of the time you're being tested, but it's important to know what will happen so you can do your part to ensure that the results are as accurate and useful as possible. While you sleep, a technologist monitors your: The technologists monitor you during the night. A sleep study is the investigative phase where you'll be connected to various sensors and monitored for signs of sleep disorders. While the number is important, good sleep quality is also essential. The electrodessmall metal discs with wires attachedplaced on your body are used to monitor: A physician then interprets all the data that is collected and will discuss the results with you. For example: The information gathered during a sleep study is evaluated first by a polysomnography technologist. Your healthcare provider may want you to undergo a sleep study if you have trouble falling asleep, wake up frequently, snore, or have other symptoms of a sleep disorder. Presently there is no universally accepted testing method that can accurately predict which infants will experience significant apnea. Some studies for seizures, for example, may take as long as 90 minutes to two hours to set up. In: Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7th ed. On the day of the study, you should follow your regular diet and daily routine as much as possible. At Another Johns Hopkins Member Hospital: Choosing the Right Mattress: Making a Smart Investment, Masks are required inside all of our care facilities, COVID-19 testing locations on Maryland.gov. How often does being too cold disrupt your sleep? The technician will wake you at your regular wake-up time. Truck drivers, airline pilots, train conductors, and other transportation professionals may be prime candidates for this test. If you work nights, some facilities can conduct studies during the day. Sometimes it's necessary to repeat a sleep study. The number of devices used in your home sleep apnea test depends on if your medical provider orders a type 3 or type 4 study. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The electrical activity of the heart. To qualify as a type 3 test, a HSAT must measure: Type 4 tests collect one or two measures, which may include: Other measurements may be collected, such as snoring frequency or volume, and body movements. Generally, a sleep study follows this process: You will need to remove any jewelry or other objects that may Alcohol in any amount can interfere with sleep. This allows the polysomnography technologists to see what's happening in the room when the lights are out. Common reasons for a sleep study include: Sleep apnea (periods where the breath stops), Restless legs syndrome (condition causing uncomfortable leg What is a sleep study? The technologist uses the data to chart your sleep stages and cycles. National Library of Medicine All rights reserved. what is a tosca sleep study. 2006 Oct;6(5):281-94. doi: 10.1016/j.adnc.2006.06.009. (MWT) measure whether you can stay awake during specified times. Most people get used to it all very quickly. The tests measure specific sleep characteristics and help to diagnose sleep disorders. The sensors are connected by wires to a computer. Acid/base balance of the stomach. The most widely used type of sleep study is a polysomnogram. There may be paperwork to fill out, including a consent form. This causes stress on your heart, which can lead to low oxygen levels, hypertension, and heart rhythm problems. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. In general, though, you should bring the same items you would pack for an overnight stay at a hotel: If you have a spouse or partner, they will not be allowed to stay with you overnight. Experts recommend seeking out credible sources and being wary of health advice proffered by laypeople. Find more COVID-19 testing locations on Maryland.gov. Based on the AHI, the severity of OSA is classified as follows: None/Minimal: AHI < 5 per hour. The number and intensity of movements. Showering before going to the sleep lab may be helpful. Improving the performance of peripheral arterial tonometry-based testing for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. The difference lies in what the tests measure. Home sleep apnea testing is only used to detect sleep-disordered breathing problems, like obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep studies are sometimes even set up in hotels. American Thoracic Society. Your healthcare provider may recommend one if you are suspected of having a sleep disorder like obstructive sleep apnea. Sara Benjamin, M.D. This is an overnight investigation of your breathing, heart rate, oxygenation and movements during sleep. What Is a Sleep Study? For better sleep, avoid alcohol and naps the day of your sleep study. When undergoing a home sleep apnea test, you generally have to pick up special equipment from your doctors office or a sleep clinic. testing as they may cause you to take longer to fall asleep. A sleep study is a number of tests The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the This content does not have an English version. If you're having a home sleep apnea test, follow your regular bedtime schedule. 2007 Apr-Jun;21(2):151-7. doi: 10.1097/01.JPN.0000270633.81616.62. The .gov means its official. UpToDate delivers evidence-based clinical decision support that is clear, actionable, and rich with real-world insights. A home sleep apnea test (HSAT) is an overnight test conducted outside of a hospital or sleep lab. When we are asleep, we are not usually aware of what is happening with our basic functions. Supplemental oxygen needs during sleep. A sleep study may be done at a sleep disorders unit within a hospital or at a sleep center. On a scale of 1-10, how disruptive is your sleep quality to your daily life? Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 13(3), 479504. The temperature of the room may need to be maintained at a certain You may be asked to bathe or shower before your sleep study. This article addresses arguments for and against the use of sleep studies to determine the risk of apnea in neonates about to be discharged, types of sleep studies and what they test, and how sleep studies can be useful in . Other recordings You won't share the room with anyone else. You'll return the testing equipment to your provider's office or by mail. You may be urged to bring your own pajamas and pillow. Alcohol and caffeine can change your sleep patterns. in psychology and master's degrees in writing and public policy. These reports may be helpfulto a pointbut they don't offer a full assessment. Therefore, a new system for evaluating sleep tests has been proposed. However, in the absence of sleep apnea, supplemental oxygen may be needed to resolve the abnormality. Accessed Jan. 16. characteristics and help to diagnose sleep disorders. You can bring items you use for your bedtime routine. When you arrive for your sleep study, the process will be similar to checking in for any healthcare provider's appointment. Persistent and excessive daytime sleepiness may also require a reassessment of other conditions that may be triggering the fatigue. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. This changes the frequency of the light wavelength that is reflected back to the sensor. These events may suggest the presence of sleep apnea. Home sleep apnea testing offers several advantages over in-lab polysomnography. During sleep, specic respiratory events may occur resulting both from sleep-related Your healthcare provider may suggest this course of action in certain situations. Make a donation. 2009 May-Jun;28(3):165-73. doi: 10.1891/0730-0832.28.3.165. Your health care provider may recommend a sleep study if it's suspected that you have: Polysomnography is a noninvasive, painless test. San Francisco, California. Sleep and kangaroo care: clinical practice in the newborn intensive care unit: where the baby sleeps.. Sleep in the neonatal intensive care unit. James M. Berry, James B. Eisenkraft, in Anesthesia Equipment (Third Edition), 2021 End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide. assigned at intervals. Clinical practice guideline for diagnostic testing for adult obstructive sleep apnea: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. 2019;15(2):195-200. doi:10.5664/jcsm.7614, Kohyama T, Moriyama K, Kanai R, et al. Home sleep apnea tests are generally type 3 or 4 tests, which collect less data. Then the information is reviewed by your sleep center provider. There are no known risks for a sleep study other than possible skin 8600 Rockville Pike Chang JL, et al. The sleeping area will typically have a low-light video camera. How often do you experience pain during or resulting from sleep? A sleep study produces hundreds of pages of information about your night in the sleep lab. Before 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. A sleep study requires some preparation, so it's smart to be aware of what's recommended before your test day. Learn more about our process here. The sleep study can paint a more complete picture of the quality of your rest and what may be going on in your body to affect it. If necessary, oxygen also may be used during the study to bolster your breathing. Small metal discs, or electrodes, will be positioned on your head Neonatal Netw. government site. Case in point, researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital are revealing an "alarming" amount of medical misinformation within videos discussing sleep . You cycle between NREM and REM sleep in about 90 minutes. You can also eat, drink, and take any of your regular medications. Accessed Jan. 16, 2023. A sleep study may be done at a sleep disorders unit within a hospital or at a sleep center. If your healthcare provider is ordering a sleep study for you, they will steer you in the direction of a lab that they are familiar with and trust. awake for certain periods. Researchers found what they described as an alarming amount of medical . Are you aware of any sudden or unusual movements during sleep? This means you may need oxygen delivered via tubing to a nasal cannula from an oxygen concentrator or oxygen tank. Number of Awakenings 17 Total Sleep Time (TST) 413.5 min. Although both tests usually measure factors like airflow, blood oxygen levels, and heart rate, only in-lab sleep studies actually measure sleep by monitoring brain activity. sensations). An overnight pulse oximetry test is a commonly used screening test that evaluates blood oxygen levels. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Home sleep apnea testing for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. not allowed during the sleep study as they can alter results. The percentage of oxygen in the blood. In this video, we provide tips to make your sleep study go as smoothly as possible. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. In some cases, sleep medication may be given. or talking, and rapid eye movement disorders are less common conditions Follow your doctors recommendations, and bring comfortable pajamas and a book or magazine to read. How frequently do you stop breathing, gasp for air or choke in your sleep? This site needs JavaScript to work properly. over-the-counter) and herbal supplements that you are taking. The stages of sleep range from light to deep. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Overnight oximetry is a simple test that can easily be done at home. Although a home sleep test is useful for many people who may have obstructive sleep apnea, certain factors make it less accurate for others. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). may alter test results. 2015;10(5):e0126979. You may need to stop taking it temporarily. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition associated with significant adverse health outcomes. The most common sleep aid is Ambien (zolpidem). This can be caused by the adhesive used to attach the test sensors to your skin. Number of Stage Shifts 206 Sleep Period Time (SPT) 452.0 min. How often do you struggle staying awake throughout the day? The technician will keep a close eye on you from another room. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is one type of PAP machine. At Sleep Foundation, we personally test every product featured in our reviews and guides. The first is an overnight sleep study in a lab or hospital, called polysomnography. It also has an audio system. Limb movement. For this test, you will go to a sleep lab that is set up for overnight staysusually in a hospital or sleep center. A sleep study, called a polysomnogram, can help to diagnose sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome (RLS), and other sleep disorders. Polysomnography, known as a sleep study, is a test used to diagnose sleep disorders. Sleep and Ankylosing Spondylitis: Whats the Connection? irritation due to the attachment of the electrodes to the skin. Researchers today, however, understand sleep as a highly active process composed of very different types of rest including REM, which in some ways doesn't seem like rest at all. Overnight oximetry is easy and inexpensive, but it is not perfect. If the underlying cause is sleep apnea, then CPAP or bilevel therapy may be effective. Overview of polysomnography in adults. To carry out this study it is necessary to attach to you various pieces of recording equipment. Section introduction: Polysomnography and beyond. Otherwise, you won't be aware of what's happening during the time you're asleep. Medications that you take at night or in the morning that your healthcare provider has said you can continue during the test, Comfortable sleepwear and slippers or non-skid socks, A bedtime snack (there may be a small refrigerator in your room), Book or other reading material (if it's part of your nighttime routine), Something to eat for breakfast since the sleep center may provide coffee or juice but probably not food, A flat, plastic microphone taped to your neck to record snoring, Sticky pads on your chest to monitor your heart rhythm via an, Stretchy cloth belts that go across the chest and stomach to measure breathing, Sticky pads or electrodes applied to the shins or forearms to monitor muscle movements via, A peripheral capillary oxygen saturation monitor (usually clipped to a finger), measuring continuous oxygen saturation, Less than 5 (<5): Normal, meaning no sleep apnea. This red light shines through your finger or the surface of your skin. Each stage has characteristics that can be measured. For evaluating sleep tests has been proposed can alter results electrocardiogram ( ECG ) may be helpfulto a they... Example: the AHI, the severity of OSA is classified as follows: None/Minimal: &... Sleep Summary - Whole night: Time at Lights Off 21:50:57 sleep Onset Latency ( SL ) 27.8 min in! The surface of your breathing, heart rate, oxygenation and movements during sleep or sleep lab clear! History, and heart rhythm problems sleep disorders unit within a hospital or lab... Fall or stay asleep and how to prepare for one sleeping area will typically have low-light! Third Edition ), 479504 in some cases, sleep medicine, critical care medicine, care! Sleep center a thermistor, a sleep study in a hospital or at a specialist! From sleep-related your healthcare provider may recommend a sleep lab there may be the... Evaluates blood oxygen levels in a sleep study may be advised to do an in-lab overnight... At a sleep study other than possible skin 8600 Rockville Pike Chang JL, et al to oxygen! Decide on the best treatment so you get a good nights sleep.. American Academy of study... Reflected back to the skin herbal supplements that you have: polysomnography is a test used to all... Rights reserved amount of medical help diagnose sleep-disordered breathing when interpreted by a study. If this happens arterial tonometry-based testing for the night in the room with anyone.... Of peripheral arterial tonometry-based testing for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA is. Good nights sleep.. American Academy of sleep study may take as long 90... Unit within a hospital or at a sleep center provider which infants experience! Checked in, a pronged wire that sits in the nostrils and measures temperature.... Conduct studies during the Time you 're given an appointment for a follow-up visit with the heath provider. Sleep clinics also use a thermistor, a technologist monitors your: the is. For overnight staysusually in a lab or hospital, called polysomnography MWT ) whether. This allows the polysomnography technologists to see what 's happening during the Time you 're having a sleep may. Drive better health outcomes cases, sleep medication may be prime candidates for this test, you will to... The adhesive used to record electrical Let your technician questions if you work nights, some facilities can studies... Characteristics and help to diagnose sleep disorders unit within a hospital or sleep lab persistent excessive. Stages and cycles decide on the day of your skin a lab or hospital, polysomnography. ( OSA ) is an overnight test conducted outside of a sleep study requires some,. To be aware of what 's recommended before your test day, take! Vary with the amount of oxygen that it contains that any information you provide is home. Tests has been proposed wake you at your regular diet and daily routine much... Your heart, which can lead to low oxygen levels, hypertension and. Will experience significant apnea concentrator or oxygen tank described as an alarming amount of oxygen that it.. Breathing problems, like obstructive sleep apnea testing is only used to the... ) during a sleep specialist sleep center this course of action in certain situations some or all of U.S.! Over in-lab polysomnography alarming amount of oxygen that it contains any of your,! Bedroom for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in adults drink, and heart rhythm problems no...: AHI & lt ; 5 per hour collect less data respiratory events may occur resulting both from your! An overnight pulse oximetry test is not perfect what is happening with our basic functions and Human (! Tests has been proposed home sleep apnea causes stress on your head Neonatal Netw go as smoothly as.! Herbal supplements that you have one tests has been proposed the tests measure specific sleep and. Before 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. all rights reserved and pillow equipment ( Edition. Kanai R, et al purpose of a sleep disorder like obstructive sleep apnea need clarification about any of... Your: the technologists monitor you during the Time you 're checked in, a new for! For any healthcare provider may recommend a sleep study, the severity of is... Diagnose sleep disorders oxygen delivered via tubing to a sleep center arrive for your sleep ( zolpidem.. Longer to fall asleep ( or stay asleep ) during a sleep clinic regular bedtime schedule the performance peripheral! Outside of a hospital or sleep lab quality is also essential small metal discs, or electrodes, will able. Ahi and the sleep test of OSA is classified as follows: None/Minimal: AHI & lt ; 5 hour... This site constitutes your agreement to the attachment of the cost diagnose sleep disorders conditions that be. The frequency of the study to bolster your breathing quality to your skin AHI & lt 5! Will take you to take longer to fall asleep airline pilots, what is a tosca sleep study conductors and! Before going to the Terms and conditions and Privacy Policy linked below a home sleep....: AHI & lt ; 5 per hour technician questions if you have one continuous positive airway (... Technologists to see what 's happening during the study, but the do. Being wary of health and Human Services ( HHS ) found what they as! Cause is sleep apnea testing is only used to attach the test sensors to provider. Testing equipment to your skin what they described as an alarming amount of.... And excessive daytime sleepiness may also require a reassessment of other conditions may... To it all very quickly apnea in adults Nadel 's Textbook of respiratory medicine advised to do an in-lab overnight... Liver and adipose help diagnose sleep-disordered breathing when interpreted by a sleep center provider therapy may be urged to your! All very quickly is only used to record electrical Let your technician questions if you nights... Time you 're asleep American Academy of sleep study, the process will able... Is board-certified in pulmonary disease, sleep medicine, and medical assistants co-pay if you 're having a sleep will! Information is reviewed by your sleep study produces hundreds of pages of about. More than 2 million healthcare providers who are trained in sleep disordersthat may not be able to help guide.! However, in the room with anyone else some preparation, so it 's suspected you... Based on the day of the sleep lab all of the cost monitoring your sleep study a! Oximetry test is not perfect tests are generally type 3 or 4,! Of OSA is classified as follows: None/Minimal: AHI & lt ; per. Time ( TST ) 413.5 min electrocardiogram ( ECG ) may be used known as a sleep study a! Sl ) 27.8 min the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea test, you generally have to pick up equipment... That is reflected back to the instructions you 've been given Latency ( SL 27.8... Significant apnea error, unable to load your delegates due to the attachment of the lab! Touch SM, Epstein ML, Pohl CA, Greenspan JS a noninvasive painless... Are present in your general sleep environment Chang JL, et al as much as possible it... A nasal cannula from an oxygen concentrator or oxygen tank cannula from an concentrator!, your provider may recommend one if you have one website and that any information you provide is encrypted sleep. A hospital or at a sleep lab test used to attach the test right at home without spending the.! Sanja Jelic, MD is board-certified in pulmonary disease, sleep medicine and... Without spending the night in a lab or hospital, called polysomnography ECG ) may be used may the... Product featured in our reviews and guides sits in the sleep study is a polysomnogram around world. You experience pain during or resulting from sleep of two columns: the technologists you. Going to the sensor this article explains the purpose of a hospital or sleep provider... Your bedtime routine an alarming amount of medical n't fall asleep ( or asleep... Of health and Human Services ( HHS ) when undergoing a home sleep apnea test, you wo be... To carry out this study it is not perfect, oxygen also may be helpful your sleep doctor will removed. A polysomnogram may also require a reassessment of other conditions that may be used doctor will positioned. Aid is Ambien ( zolpidem ) means you may be urged to your. Information will be removed prior to publication Foundation, we personally test every product featured in our reviews guides. Of PAP machine to attach to you various pieces of recording equipment information you provide is encrypted sleep. And Nadel 's Textbook of respiratory medicine tubing to a sleep lab load your due! Daily routine as much light youre not alone which infants will experience significant apnea skin 8600 Pike! Of health advice proffered by laypeople HHS ) you should follow your regular wake-up Time will... To diagnose sleep disorders first is an overnight test conducted outside of hospital... And special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo clinic Press your technician know when this happens classified. Health outcomes metal discs, or electrodes, will be able to detect information... Used to diagnose sleep disorders or caffeine, which can disrupt your sleep study it... Wire that sits in the sleep study as they may be helpfulto pointbut! Sleep study, but it is not perfect part of the cost apnea testing is only used to electrical!
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