Proteus vulgaris. Hemolysis-----------Hemolysis (Non-hemolytic)-----, Check out the Morphology & Culture Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae, MORPHOLOGY AND CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE (K. PNEUMONIAE). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Email: info@cprnashvilletn.com Made with by Sagar Aryal. 1.2.1 MeSH ID. Methyl red test was performed, after addition of reagents; red color appeared indicating positive result. PROCEDURE OF ACID FAST STAINING. Wounds become worse because of unhealthy lifestyles and habits. Wound healing is a complicated physiological process that is essential for restoring the epithelial barrier after an injury. 36 0 obj <>stream Yonsei Medical Journal 58(6): 1135-143. P. vulgaris has also been identified as the main microbial pollutant in drinking water of Rajasthan, India (23). How to Optimise Your Diet to Help With Fertility? This mixed smear shows typical bacilli, yeast, and human blood cells. Have more mycolic acids and wax. Bacillus subtilis. Offering professional success and personal enrichment courses that serve everyone in our community, from children and teens to adults and esteemed elders. 1. 115 Penn Warren Drive, Suite 300, #206, Brentwood, TN 37027, Proteus vulgaris | Unknown Lab Report, Microbiology, To determine the Gram Reaction of the given bacterium, Gram crystal violet, Gram iodine, Gram decolorizer, Gram safranin, To determine the presence of cytochrome oxidase, To determine if bacterium produce casease which breaks down the milk protein casein, Bacterium produces casease which hydrolyzes casein, To determine if organism can use citrate as its sole carbon source, Green color in tube suggest reaction with bacterium is negative, To determine if a bacterium that can produce a mixture of acids as a result in glucose fementation, After adding the methyl red reagent, the liquid slowly turn a red color, To determine if an organism can reduce nitrate to nitrite or other nitrogenous comounds, Color change after the addition of the reagents of nirate 1 and 2, but none after the addition of zinc, To determine if bacterium can ferment mannitol, No color change indicatate bactiruim does not fement mannitol. Unknown #122 was given to isolate into two separate colonies, but only one kind of bacterium was found in the nutrient agar after streak was done. New Window . LINKS TO THE GRAM STAIN AND/OR ACID FAST STAIN OF YOUR UNKNOWN. Is it for different specimens? Once the two colonies were found, they were isolated on separate agars for growth. There are two methods of acid-fast staining. He has published more than 15 research articles and book chapters in international journals and well-renowned publishers. The Blog is basically devoted to the Paramedical personnels who risk their life to save the life of other peoples. $$ 31(2):318-22. Positive (+ve) The unknown specimen was given out by the Professor. The starch test was used to identify which bacterium can produce the enzyme amylase. Learn how your comment data is processed. A secondary stain, methylene blue, is then applied to the cells. MR + Size The size of Proteus Vulgaris is about 13 m 0.5 m (micrometer). Additionally, P. vulgaris can cause a variety of medical complications such as urinary tract infections and renal stones (24). Biochemical Journal. Struvite stones are composed of a combination of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium carbonate-apatite. In the stone Proteus bacteria can survive despite therapy, leading to chronic UTI. and what would the morphology be? UREASE + Thanks you sir. endstream endobj 21 0 obj <>stream In addition, P. vulgaris lipase has been used with a transesterification reaction and sonication conditions to produce biodiesel (12). From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource, https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/Proteus.htm, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/?term=proteus+vulgaris, https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Proteus_vulgaris&oldid=143609. MacConkey is usually fairly decent, especially if you want to test the lactose fermentation thing. Gram negative bacteria contains lipopolysaccharide and phospholipid with a thin peptidoglycan wall. VULGARIS), There are various culture media used for the cultivation of. Properties ( Proteus mirabilis ) Capsule. Proteus Vulgaris and Proteus Mirabilis Decrease Candida Albicans Biofilm Formation by Suppressing Morphological Transition to Its Hyphal Form. Bacterial contamination in drinking water: a case study in rural areas of northern Rajasthan, India. pale pink. Antibiotics to which P. vulgaris is known to be sensitive: Proteus Vulgaris. Thistle, Thistle.co, www.thistle.co.za/pdf_files/education/microbiology/microbiology_legends/Cycle_41/Cycle%2041%20Organism%203%20-%20Proteus%20Vulgaris.pdf. Proteus mirabilis Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhimurium Serratia marcescens Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Kids with Yellow Teeth: What Measures Should Parents Take? It was discovered by ehrlich but modified by ziehl and Neelsen. Nasal swabs collected from bovines with respiratory illness also had isolated colonies of P. vulgaris showing a possible spread of bacteria through the food chain (5). Heat the slide for 5 minutes on a very low flame (temperature may go up to 60C. 208: 430-438. fJohn Lucci 3/25/2014 Determinative Bacteriology of Proteus vulgaris Through a vast series of test result complications, our groups unknown bacterium was determined to be Proteus vulgaris. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2. Proteus species are part of the Enterobacteriaceae family of gram-negative bacilli. Thanks. %%EOF One study researching alternative methods for urinalysis found that urea levels could be detected using electrochemical signaling from redox reactions that take place on the surface membrane, specifically the conversion of urea to ammonia (8). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 82:169-77. Thanks much. Gram's Stain 4.6.1.4.2. Gently heats the slide till fumes appear & keep the smear moisten with dye. Instead, an acid-fast stain using either heat or detergent is performed in order to break through this protective waxy layer. Lab Manual for General Microbiology. 407(1): 279-285. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The addition of growth inhibitors like sulphonamides to the medium. Procedure has been corrected from the book of Monica Chessebrough. And will non-acid fast bacteria be colored blue with methylene blue? Bacillus subtilis Candida Albicans Corynebacterium diptheriae Enterobacter aerogenes Escherichia coli Enterococcus faecalis Haemophilus influenzae . 2017. In Liquid culture media like Trypticase soy broth or Nutrient broth & Peptone Water, the growth of the bacterium occurs as a uniform turbidity in the broth medium with a powdery deposit and Ammoniacal smell which is further analyzed for the morphology (under the microscope), gram reaction, biochemical tests, and Proteus Vulgaris specific tests. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Addition of Teepol (a surface active agent) which is present in Teepol Lactose agar medium. Peritrichous flagella are distributed all over the cell; monotrichous flagella indicate just one; tufts of flagella at both ends of the cell are amphitrichous; and tufts of flagella at one end of the cell are lophotrichous. No because heat heat helps to melt the cell wall and penetration of basic dye will occur, No colour will be realized because there will be no stain penetration through the thick cell wall. spp, Salmonella . Many wild and domestic animals can be hosts of P. vulgaris bacteria, where they commonly play the role of a parasite (1). Optimum pH Pr. (15) National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. In order to begin to understand them, we must learn the basics. during ripening in a cheese model medium. For this test, I was able to finalize the result of my unknown to be Proteus vulgaris. endstream endobj 18 0 obj <> endobj 19 0 obj <>/Rotate 90/Type/Page>> endobj 20 0 obj <>stream Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of Proteus vulgaris moribund common carp (Cyprinus carpio) farmed in China. VULGARIS), CULTURE REQUIREMENTS OF PROTEUS VULGARIS (PR. Because Gram negative bacteria is made up of Thin Peptidoglycan layer.So the bacteria For the Gram positive bacteria, I ended up with the my unknown #122 being Bacillius cereus. If an individual has pulmonary tuberculosis, and if the tubercles in the lungs are open, the bacteria ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis) will be present in the sputum. Specifically, it has been reported that P. vulgaris was used in an electrochemical chip to detect urea levels in synthetic urine (8). C85250. First section says to use methylene blue, but next section says malachite green. It is a gram positive coccus or spherical shaped and it has no endospores. The presence of the sepsis syndrome associated with a urinary tract infection (UTI) should raise the possibility of urinary tract obstruction. Treponema pallidum is the causative agent of syphilis. Acid-fast organisms are characterized by wax-like, nearly impermeable cell walls; they contain mycolic acid and large amounts of fatty acids, waxes, and complex lipids. Flagella Pr. True/False True After you have heat fixed your slide and used crystal violet to stain the bacteria, under oil immersion all you see are clumps of cocci that appeared layered on top of each other. Nutrient agar is always a safe choice. A positive result is a red color in the liquid, and a negative result would be a yellowish color. PHENYLALINE + VULGARIS), Thats all about the Morphology & Culture Characteristics of Proteus vulgaris, Culture characteristics of Proteuson XLD Agar medium Dalynn, Proteus vulgaris Wikipedia & Wikimedia commons, CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTEUS VULGARIS, CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTEUS VULGARIS, MORPHOLOGY AND CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE (GONOCOCCUS OR GONOCOCCI), 6 Things to Consider Before Building Your Clinic, Exploring The Benefits of Microdosing Magic Mushrooms: A Comprehensive Guide. Wounds are considered to be a serious problem that affects the healthcare sector in many countries, primarily due to diabetes and obesity. What to expect from early intervention orthodontics? Basic Characteristics. vulgaris from other Bacteria present in the specimen, especially from Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus), E.coli & Klebsiella species which are lactose fermentors and gives Pink colored colonies on MacConkey agar medium. These long chains of rod-shaped cells have centrally located endospores. Gram-negative bacilli are typically distinguished by size, shape, motility, and oxygen growth categories. Apart from the pigmented colonies, Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in media is also characterized by grape-like smell. Your website is awesome! Bacteria associated with the sponge Spongia officinalis as indicators of contamination. Crisp, and M. Hinton. Nitrate test was performed, test showed to be positive after the reagents were added. Carbohydrate Fermentation test: Maltose- Negative , Dextrose-Positive, Starch-Positive, Sucrose-Negative. 4. The heating process allows the primary stain, cabolfuchsin to penetrate further especially when the lipoidol membrane is large which otherwise could not permit penetration. These Gram negative, slightly curved bacilli cause infections in wounds, burns, and urinary tracts. 1986. Proteus vulgaris, a bacillus, moves by peritrichous flagella; notice flagella distributed all around the bacterial cell. Alcohol-fixation: This is recommended when the smear has not been prepared from sodium hypochlorite (bleach) treated sputum and will not be stained immediately. A simple stain uses a single dye and is used to visualize the shape of bacteria and their arrangement. Studies have shown that in the presence of nitrate, Pseudomonas . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/?term=proteus+vulgaris Thus confiming the unknown specimen to be Bacillius cereus. All members of the genus Proteus are known to be saprophytes, an organism that resides in dead or decaying organic matter, mainly in fecal matter and intestinal tracts of humans and animals (1, 3). Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Drinking Water Sources. Alt 5 was given as a substitute for a gram-negative bacterium, due to no growth in original test tube (#122). Why are the convection and the radiation resistances at a surface in parallel instead of being in series. I am unable to identify which Pseudomonas Spp. The acid-fast stain is a differential stain used to identify acid-fast organisms such as members of the genusMycobacterium. Also, the pH requirement varies as per the strain of Proteus vulgaris. Proteus . Proteus vulgaris A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in soil, fecal matter, and sewage. Usually, it produces non-hemolytic growth on Blood agar plate but some of the strains are -Hemolytic. This contamination was linked to hospital and industrial waste (21). (5 ways), Signs That Your Period is Coming Tomorrow: 6 Vital Signals, Care and Maintenance of Laboratory Equipment. Am pascal studying medical lab in technical university Kumasi Ghana.my question is both carbol fuchsin and methylene blue are basic dyes, so what will happen if we use methylene blue as our primary stain? Effect of initial carbon sources on the performance of microbial fuel cells containing Proteus vulgaris. Acid reflux from the stomach causes metaplasia to nonciliated, mucin-producing columnar cells (better able to handle the stress of acid, .2). Mycobacterium tuberculosis. P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris are known for their swarming ability over blood agar as shown above image. E. coli produces an acid butt, an acid or alkaline slant, and no H2S, but does produce gas. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. CULTURE REQUIREMENTS OF PROTEUS VULGARIS (PR. This makes it resist decolorizer and takes the color of counterstain( safranin or neutral red), Note THIS , Gram negative bacteria is toxic to human and it is refers to as endotoxins. Recent research has demonstrated a growing list of uses for P. vulgaris in both medical and industrial applications. Gram Stain Positive: Morphology Negative: Morphology Endospore Stain Positive Negative Acid Fast Positive Negative Capsular Stain Positive Negative Test name Color of uninoculated medium Color of medium after incubation Reactions seen (ex. . The presence of mycolic acid in their cell walls . (Struble 2013) Proteus species are most commonly found in the human intestinal tract as part of normal human intestinal flora, along with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species, of which E coli is the predominant resident. Under a microscope, if the gram stain is purple, the bacterium is gram positive, if the stain is red, it is gram negative. Help. Explore campus life at TMCC. McDonald, Virginia, Mary Thoele, Bill Salsgiver, and Susie Gero. %%EOF Pay particular attention to their respective sizes. After the data was collected, this test showed that this could only be Bacillius cereus, as it came out to be a positive reaction. Biodiesel synthesis assisted by ultrasonication using engineered thermo-stable Proteus vulgaris lipase. The Simmons citrate test was used to show which bacterium would be able to survive on the Simmons citrate gel. After acid-fast staining, Mycobacterium tuberculosis would be _____ in color, whereas Proteus vulgaris would be _____ in color. This left only two possible bacterium: Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. Observe each slide under the microscope, determining whether the bacteria are gram-positive which is stained purple or gram-negative which is stained red. For example, several antibiotic-resistant strains of P. vulgaris were identified in the intestines of shrimp in Turkey. (13) Deetae, P., Spinnler, H. E., Bonnarme, P., Helink, S. 2009. The micrococcus luteus is not an acid-fast. Detection of the staphylococcal multiresistance gene cfr in Proteus vulgaris of food animal origin. Do not overheat. (9) Marchiori, C., Tonon, E., Boscolo Rizzo, P., Vaglia, A., Meyding-Lamade, U., Levorato, M., Da Mosto, M. C., Dietz, A. Biochemical Test and Identification of Citrobacter freundii. Help. the causative agent of T.B Mycobacterium, since its staining meth is for differenciation, and so, is it a gram pos or neg? P. vulgaris is also found on the surface of ripened cheese, and produces high concentrations of flavor compounds from amino acid degradation during the ripening process (13). Arrangement Of Cells Pr. "aHC$J=rvEj,-E7scu&}T3U&I3)*hd8B .0oX6r{ ?4B=B+.;+\b&^Q?q@g-Qmt5.w (18) Passmore R., Yudkin J. And the results are also shown on the flow charts. Because of its unique cell wall, when it is stained by the acid-fast procedure, it will resist decolorization with acid-alcohol and stain red, the color of the initial stain, carbol fuchsin. Negative (-ve) Catalase. P. vulgaris is a rod-shaped, Gram negative bacterium between 1-3 microns in size, and is extremely motile, utilizing peritrichous flagella as its source of motility (2). You will do some of these staining procedures in the next lab (acid-fast staining and endospore staining). When comparing Genus Proteus, a key tool to decipher P. vulgaris from other species in the genus is that P. vulgaris is indole-positive using an spot indole test using dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent (20) . Acid-fast mycobacteria contain mycolic acid in their outer membrane, making the cells waxy and resistant to staining with aqueous based stains such as the Gram stain. 30 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<08312229740EC0AC245AF7B05621E788><090181B774F8A34AA44398D19C066394>]/Index[17 20]/Info 16 0 R/Length 75/Prev 45681/Root 18 0 R/Size 37/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Commonly the NAM & MacConkey Agar medium is used for the cultivation of Proteus Vulgaris in Laboratory. "EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PLATELET RICH PLASMAPRP FOR TREATMENT OF ACNE SCARS" This dissertation is submitted to THE TAMILNADU DRMGRMEDICAL UNIVERSITY In partial fulfillment The genome of P. vulgaris has 3.97 million base pairs and 3,660 genes. (1) Drzewiecka D. 2016. "Proteus vulgaris, MicroKwik Culture, Pathogen, Vial" Medical Laboratory Science. may I know the result for coagulase test? The endospores are rounded and terminal. Retrieved December 2, 2013. A negative stain is used for the identification of bacterial cell organization, and the presence of bacterial flagella. It is capable of phenylalanine deaminase and urease production, and glucose, maltose, and sucrose fermentation (18, 19). P. vulgaris is facultatively anaerobic and has both a respiratory and fermentative type metabolism (3). The Ziehl-Neelsen stain uses steam to penetrate the mycolic acid in the cell walls, whereas, Kinyoun uses a very concentrated dye, hard heat fixing, and longer exposure time. The CCIS code will still identify it with a negative urease test. They may order it if you have symptoms of a respiratory infection . From that data, I conducted the following tests that were used to figure out which bacterium it would be from the chart given. Proteus on Blood Agar Medical-Labs, Proteus vulgaris microscopic view Flickr. Basic Characteristics. Download. P. vulgaris is tolerant of high concentrations of heavy metals or toxic substances, and can even manipulate these as a source of energy or nutrition (1). How To Manage Clinical And Related Waste. It is an opportunistic pathogen and causes cystitis and pyelonephritis. & i dont dis days of any sainin tecs.after many years of endavour now am floating, flyin fly ..fly fly fly up to z sky!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! About Vijaysar or Vijaysal tree importance, Ministry of Forest Nepal, Complete brochure Ziehl-Neelsen Stain name is from the surnames of German doctors, bacteriologist Franz Ziehl(1859-1926), and pathologist Friedrich Neelsen (1854-1898). pls attend to my qn thanks. Michelle Harrell. This eliminated two bacterium: Enterobacter aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, leaving E. coli, P. vulgaris and K. pneumonia. In your procedure however, the preparation of the smear needs not be sterile but aseptically done to prevent unwanted materials/organisms on your slide and assuring that only the specimen you intend to examine is on your slide. GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI Staphylococcus aureus Beta-hemolysis on media with blood (sheep, horse) Yellow-pigmented colonies NaCl tolerant (7.5%), mannitol fermentation Production of coagulase (free and cell-bound coagulase) Lithium chloride and potassium tellurite tolerant Lecithinase production and lipase activity The gram stain showed red colored rods. You just boost my understanding of this topic. 2000. 3.) The bacterium had a thin peptidoglycan wall, as observed in the remaining safranin in the negative gram stain. You only need to highlight how you prepare the smear. If indole positve_ P.vllulgaris if negative P.mirabilis. Samiksha . Alternate decolorizing reagent (without alcohol): Slowly add 250 mL sulfuric acid (at least 95%) to 750 mL distilled water. 2003. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics. Under the microscope unknown number 122 showed to be blue-colored rods. Gently flood the smear with Carbol Fuchsin dye for 5 minutes. Due to a special wax in their cell membrane, these organisms do not readily take up dye from a typical gram stain. Significance and Roles of Proteus spp. Find balance, have fun, attend a soccer game and be an active part of the TMCC community! Cover the smear with malachite green stain for12 minutes, using the longer time when thesmear is thin. What is best identification of corynebacterium diphtheria. I am currently working on an unknown microbe project in my Micro class. Rods are called Bacilli (Bacillus singular), Please how is the biochemical composition of acid fat bacteria is used in the identification and diagnosis of a named AFB. Lastly, mannitol test showed no color change, indicating negative result. Starch test was performed; it showed a clearing on the agar, indicating a positive result. Spirillum volutans, a helical cell, moves by polar amphitrichous flagella; notice flagella at each end of the bacterial cell. Help. Micrococcus luteus Staphyloccocus epidermidis Mycobacterium smegmatis It is known to cause wound infections and other species of its genera are known to cause urinary tract infections. 579 0 obj <>stream . "Yeast" suggests ; . The distinctive characters of the genus are PPA, urease, and H 2 S positive. In today's lab, you will observe prepared slides of special stains: a capsule stain ( Klebsiella pneumoniae ), flagella stain ( Proteus vulgaris) and spirochete stain ( Treponema pallidum ). Cover the filter paper with the primary stain, carbolfuchsin. After the addition the nitrate reagents the liquid turned from yellow to red, indicating a positive result. Rinsing the slide will remove the excess unattached stains from the smear and the slide, Finally non- mycobaterial organisms like Nocardia are better stained with mordified acid fast stain using a less Cover the smear with carbol fuchsin stain. a dormant structure formed by bacteria in response to nutrient depletion The final result of a Schaeffer- Fulton stained slide is green spores and pink sporangium Vegetative Cells stain with safranin high water content actively metabolizing Endospores highly resistant to heat and chemicals stain with malachite green Even though there is a standard routine for Gram staining, there are some variables that can affect this stain, e.g., the age of the culture, the amount of decolourizer used, the time of decolorization, the type of organism (acid-fast bacteria and spores do not stain well . P. vulgaris has been reported to cause urinary tract infections, wound infections, burn infections, bloodstream infections, and respiratory tract infections (1). This acid-fast bacillus in brief is called AFB. After the test was done, the result positive after the addition of the reagent. Brain abscesses after extracranial infections of the head and neck area. Carbol fuchsin is a dark red stain that is soluble in the lipid substances foundin the cell wall of the mycobacteral cell. Microbial Ecology. Positive (+ve) Proteus vulgaris (ID 10783) - Genome. These are organisms that resist decolourization by 3%Acid alcohol stain after hearing the strong carbolfuchsin solution during staining. But you mean no need of malachites green when methylene blue is available ??? 93|UEQYk}C Great work Sagar,just take the corrections from James Adekeye and use the Monica Chessebrough. Inspo. Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped, nitrate-reducing, indole-positive and catalase-positive, hydrogen sulfide-producing, Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. Proteus mirabilis is a type of bacteria that can cause various infections in the body. Over the past two decades, the genus Proteus, and in particular P. vulgaris, has undergone a number of major taxonomic revisions. (11) Lee, K., Park S. J., Choi S. J., Park J. Y. Leave the slide on the water bath for 3 to 5 minutes. Consider the following test results on a 21-year-old female student with sore throat, extreme fatigue, and lymphadenopathy. Proteus organisms are implicated as serious causes of infections in humans, along with Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Serratia species. Gram Staining Reaction - Proteus Vulgaris is a Gram -ve (Negative) bacterium. (2) Hardy Diagnostics. (5) Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Wu, C., Schwarz, S., Shen, Z., Zhang, W., Zhang, Q., Shen, J.S. Glycolysis Explained in 10 Easy Steps; Benedict's Test- Principle, Composition, Widal Test- Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Different Size, Shape and Arrangement of Bacterial Cells Lab. (24) Charkhian H, Bodaqlouie A, Soleimannezhadbari E, et. Continue to apply stain if the filter paper begins to dry. The effect of carbohydrates and allied substances on urease production by Proteus vulgaris. vulgaris can survive alkaline pH as well as acidic pH ranging from 4.0 11.0 and the maximum growth of the organism is observed at 6.0 i.e. Procedure has been corrected. Because their cell wall (thin cell wall). D011514. Increasing the concentration of agar from 1-2% to 6%. Gram Staining 4.6.1.4. Posted by CPR NashvilleTN at 1:30 pm
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